Oxidation, Reduction and REDOX
Periodicity, Group 2 and Group 4
- Describe and explain the trends across Period 3
- Write equations for group 2 metals and explain trends in solubility of group 2 sulphates and hydroxides
- Explain the uses of group 2 compounds
- Describe and explain the trends down group 7 and in oxidising power of the halogens, illustrated by displacement reactions of halide ions an construct half and ionic equations.
- Describe and explain the trends in reducing power of the halide ions, illustrated by reactions of concentrated sulfuric acid with solid sodium halides.
- Describe disproportionation reactions and describe the reactions of chlorine with water.
- Determine the oxidation of elements in a compounds and practice half equations and combining them
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
- Apply IUPAC rules for nomenclature to name and draw structural and skeletal organic compounds limited to chains and rings with up to six carbon atoms each
- Draw the structures of chain, position and functional group isomers
- Draw the structural formulas of E and Z isomers
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Alkanes and Haloalkanes
- To be to write equations for initiation, propagation, and termination and explain the formation of a mixture of organic products.
- Explain the how fractional distillation, catalytic and thermal cracking work
- Describe the combustion of alkanes
- Explain how and why Halogenoalkanes undergo substitution reactions with the nucleophiles
- Outline the nucleophilic substitution mechanisms of reactions and explain the relative rates of reactions
- Show the mechanism for elimination reactions in haloalkanes
- Explain the conditions that favour an elimination reaction rather than substitution
- Use equations, such as the following, to explain how chlorine atoms catalyse decomposition of ozone
Alkenes and alcohols
Organic Analysis
- Explain how alkenes undergo addition reactions with electrophiles
- Outline the addition mechanisms of reactions
- Explain the formation of major and minor products by reference to the relative stabilities of primary, secondary and tertiary carbocation intermediates.
- Explain why making bioethanol from fermentation of glucose is carbon neutral, using balanced symbol equations.
- Outline the mechanism for the formation of an alcohol by the reaction of an alkene with steam in the presence of an acid catalyst and the dehydration of a alcohol
- Write equations for these oxidation reactions for primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols (equations showing [O] as oxidant are acceptable)
- Use chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones including Fehling’s solution and Tollens’ reagent
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