Computer Science

Can I create an eBook? 

Use Tux Paint to Illustrate an eBook (link to English core text ‘Little Red Riding Hood’) 

- Can I create and store the illustrations?

- How do I retrieve and manipulate the illustrations?

- How do I use Tux Paint to create an eBook?

E-safety

- How do I keep myself safe online?

- What is intellectual property?

What will my digital card look like?

 Use Fresh Paint to create a card digitally (Winter card/Christmas card) 

- How do I practice with the keyboard to become a fluent typist?

- How do I use the internet safely to search for images??

- What does it mean to combine the text, images and refine the card.

E-safety

-How do I use technology safely?

Who do I speak to if I have concerns?

-What is copyright?

Can I programme a toy? 

Use Programmable toys: BeeBots 

-How do I record an algorithm?

- What are the features of a Beebot?

- How do I programme the robot to find treasure?

- How do I debug the errors in the algorithm?

E-safety

- How do I use simple programmable toys safely and sensibly?

- How do I ensure filming is done with appropriate consent and assent?

How do I use the internet safely? 

Finding images using the web (link to transport) 

-How do I use the internet to search for images of vehicles?

- How do I organise vehicles in to two categories?

- How do I peer review the PowerPoint presentations?

E-safety

- How do I search for images safely?

- How do I show respect for others’ intellectual property through observing copyright conditions?

What is an audio book? 

Create a talking book (audio book) on Grace & Family using PowerPoint & Book Creator   

- What is an audiobook?

- How do I practise with the microphone/audio recorder?

- How do I record sound effects?

- How do I record the story?

E-safety

-How do I use a digital video camera safely?

- Do I recognise the need for consent and assent?

Can I be a TV presenter?

Videoing a set of instructions and using Movie Maker to edit. 

- How do I create an algorithm to programme a sandwich-making robot?

- How do I practise with the camera?

- How do I film the instruction video?

E-safety

- Can I use audio recorders of microphones and audio recording software safely and sensibly?

What does it take to create a game on Scratch? 

 Use Scratch Jr to find the objects in George’s house. 

- How do I program a Beebot to make predictions on where the robot will end up?

- How do I programme the sprite to move.

E-safety

- What is a Creative Commons licence?

- How do I upload my project to Scratch safely?

- What do I do if I encounter something that makes me feel uncomfortable?

What do game testers look for? 

Use Scratch to test out different games. 

-How do I test different games?

- How do I test more complex games?

- How do I adapt a game’s algorithm?

E-safety

- What is PEGI age restrictions?

- How can I report the comments Scratch if they are inappropriate?

What does it take to be a photographer?

Practise using a camera to take photos and use Pixlr and Microsoft Photos to edit photos. 

- What are the different parts of a camera?

- How do I start organising photos using Pixlr and Microsoft Photos?

- How do I edit and enhance the photos?

E-safety

- Do I know how  to minimise risks when posting online?

- What should I do if I have concerns about images I  encounter on the web?

- What is an acceptable and unacceptable photograph? 

Can I create my own PowerPoint presentation?

Use the internet for research and create Microsoft PowerPoint presentation

-How do I start scoping a topic and breaking down questions using FreeMind?

- How do I search safely and effectively using Google?

- How do I start preparing a presentation using Microsoft PowerPoint?

E-safety

- How do I stay safe while researching online, and show respect for others’ ideas and intellectual property?

- How do I use safe search filters?

What does it take to be a zoologist?

Use Microsoft Excel, Google Photos and Google Earth to

Collect data. (Links to Science)

- How do I brief, prepare and use a database to start classifying?

- How do I use a database and a camera on our bug hunt?

- How do I work with data on Excel?

- How do I use Google Earth to work with maps?

E-safety

-How do I keep my personal information private?

- How do I respect rules for using digital equipment when out of the classroom?

 What does a detective do?

 Use Microsoft Email Accounts & Google Sheets to solve a mystery. (Link to topic) 

- How do I read and reply to an email?

- How do I use the email attachments feature?

- How do I compose an email?

- How do I  organise information using an Excel template?

E-safety

-What are the risks associated with emails?

- Can attached files contain viruses?

- What is spam?

 What will my screencast presentation on dinosaurs feature?

Use PowerPoint to create and record over presentations. 

- How do I use Microsoft PowerPoint to plan the presentation?

- How do I source content such as images and videos?

- How do I use the video and audio recording feature on PowerPoint?

E-safety

- What is my digital footprint?

- What do I do when I encounter inappropriate content?

- Why do I need the owner’s permission before I copy content?

What will my programmed animation look like? 

Use Scratch to create and programme and animation based on the Stone Age. 

- How do I create a character and a background?

- How do I start animating the characters by converting the storyboard algorithm on to Scratch.

- How do I add sounds to the animations?

E-safety

- What is safe search?

- What is YouTube’s safety mode?

- How do I stay safe when browsing?

Can I communicate safely on the internet?

 Use Teams & Zoom to teach children how to communicate online. 

- How do  emails work?

- How do I use emails safely?

- How do I email using attachments?

- How do I share the presentations in a video conference?

E-safety

- What is email etiquette?

- What are the dangers of spoofed links and malware via attached files.

- How old must I be to set up accounts on certain platforms?

Can I find and correct bugs in programs?

Use Scratch or Snap to find and correct bugs in programs. (Link to maths) 

- How do I spot and correct performance bugs?

- How do I spot and correct multi-thread bugs?

- How do I spot and correct conceptual bugs?

- How do I spot and correct arithmetical bugs?

- How do I correct resource bugs?

E-safety

- Why must I never share the shared account details for Scratch?

- How do I stay safe when carrying out online research?

How do I collect and analyse data?

Use Google Forms & Microsoft Excel to collect and analyse data on keeping healthy. (Link to PSHE) 

-How do I plan a survey on FreeMind?

- How do I develop questions on Google Forms?

- How do I use Google Forms to create the online survey?

- How do I analyse and evaluate the data using Excel?

E-safety

- What are the ethics of surveys?

- What is the expectation of anonymity and confidentiality?

- How do I ensure my survey does not include questions that could allow a person to be identified?

How can I present some information in a short video?

 Use WeVideo to create a one-minute edited video on how our bodies move. 

- How do I use a video camera to record short clips?

- How do I  start shooting the video?

- How do I edit the video using WeVideo?

- How do I improve the video by adding in text, sounds and effects?

E-safety

- Why should I seek parental consent when sharing videos?

- Why must I keep personal information private?

What does it take to develop a game? 

Use Scratch to develop a simple educational game on the Vikings. 

- How do I analyse educational games?

- How do I build a game prototype on Scratch?

- How do I add in repetition?

- How do I work on the interface?

- How do I build in progression?

E-safety

-What is copyright when sourcing images or media?

- How do I keep my personal information private on the If the pupils participate in the Scratch community?

What will my interactive toy look like? 

Use Snap! & Pyonkee to – prototype an interactive toy for Varjak Paw 

- What are inputs and outputs?

- How do I design a toy using Kickstarter?

- How do I design a  toy in Snap?

- How do I program the toy simulation?

- How do I test and improve the toy simulation?

E-safety

-What is copyright?

- What is intellectual property?

- How do I use the internet safely to research ideas?

 What is Wikipedia?

Use SlimWiki to produce a Wikipedia page on Chocolate 

- How do I use Wikipedia to find information.

- How do I edit the wiki pages?

- How do I edit Wikipedia?

E-safety

- What is the reliability of online content?

- What conduct is appropriate when collaborating on a shared resource?

What can I create by being a HTML editor?

Use Thimble Editor & Khan Academy to edit and write HTML and to then produce a web page on how useful electricity is. 

- What is the web and the hidden meanings of URLs?

- How do I edit HTML in web pages?

- How do I start my first HTML project using Thimble Editor?

- How do I develop and refine the webpage?

E-safety

-What are the risks of using the web?

- How could I best keep myself safe?

- Web pages can be modified, so what is the reliability of web-based content?

 How do I produce music digitally? 

Use Isle of Tune, Audacity & MuseScore to produce digital music. (Link to Music lessons) 

- Can I make a sequence using Isle of Tune?

- How do I record samples?

- How do I work with different samples?

E-safety

- What is copyright when sourcing audio or publishing?

- What is the illegal downloading and sharing of copyrighted music?

What does a meteorologist do?

Use Excel and PowerPoint to collect data, analyse and present the weather. 

- How do I record the weather using Microsoft Excel?

- How do I use Excel to analyse the data?

- How do I prepare a weather forecast

- How do I give a TV-style weather forecast?

E-safety

-  What is the importance of obtaining and using accurate data?

- Why do I need to ensure appropriate permission is obtained? – What are the implications of uploading my film to the school network or to the internet? 

 Can I create a game?

Use Scratch 3.0 to create a maze game linking to the Egyptians. 

- How do I create and source assets?

- How do I create a prototype of my game?

- How do I debug the game script?

- How do I write game instructions?

E-safety

- What is copyright when sourcing images or media ?

- How do I develop safe search habits?

- What are the personal implications of playing games, perhaps including violent computer games?

 Will my website help promote cyber safety? 

Use Google Sites to create a website promoting cyber safety. 

-  How does Search work?

- How do I curate website content?

- How do I add media to the website?

- How do I improve my website?

E-safety

-Why should I consider the reliability and bias of online connect?

- How do I contribute positively to a shared resource?

- How do I use search engines safely and effectively?

Can I create a 3D virtual galaxy?

Use Inkscape, Scratch & Terragen to create a galaxy using ideas from maths (geometry) & Islamic art (link to RE) 

-How do I create simple tessellations using Inkscape?

-How do I use Inkscape to create art?

- How do I create computer-generated landscapes in Terragen?

E-safety

-How do I stay safe searching and evaluating the quality of online content?

- How do I protect personal information?

How does internet cryptography work?

Use The Black Chamber (website) and Scratch 3.0

to be in the role of a Spartan warrior and communicate with the military leaders.

- How do I transmit information in semaphore?

- How do I use Morse code?

- How do I use Caesar cipher to create and crack codes?

- How do I substitute ciphers and frequency analysis?

- What’s the importance of password security?

E-safety

-How is information communicated in secret over open channels?

- How do I check the security certificates of encrypted websites?

- What makes a secure password?

 How will my blog impact my readers?

Create a blog using WordPress about a healthy and balanced diet and include a recipe for their readers to use. 

- What makes a good blog?

- How do I write a blog post?

- How do I comment on blog posts?

- How do I add images on blog posts?

- How do I work with media?

E-safety

- What is appropriate shared content?

- What constitutes acceptable behaviours when commenting on others’ blog posts?

Can I showcase my work in my virtual art gallery?

Use Trimble SketchUp (used for 3D modelling) to create a virtual art gallery. This links to maths (geometry) 

- How do I create a virtual sculpture?

- How do I start creating the gallery?

- How do I hang pieces of work and art?

- How do I create a virtual tour of the gallery?

E-safety

-What is good practice when searching for and selecting digital content?

- What is copyright and what significance does it hold?

Can I create a short television advert?

Use iMovie to create a television advert on anti-bullying. 

- How do I practice shooting techniques?

- How do I source other media?

- How do I assemble a rough-cut using iMovie?

- How do I use iMovie to polish the final cut?

E-safety

-What is the school policy in relation to videoing?

- Why must I obtain consent before uploading a video?

- What are the implications of sharing videos online?

What makes the computer network, including the internet?

Pupils take part in activities to learn about computer networks and create a poster to share their knowledge with others 

- How do I understand how messages are passed along networks?

- How do I use Scratch to learn how the DNS simulation program works?

- How do I create a presentation showing how the internet works and how to keep safe online?

E-safety

- What are the safety implications of internet communication?

- How do I keep myself and my work safe online?

What will my simple mobile phone app look like? 

Use App Lab to develop a simple mobile phone app.

- How do I use the toolkit on App Lab?

- How do I assemble the assets for the app?

- How do I establish the algorithms?

- How do I debug and refine the app?

E-safety

-What are the precautions to take when using a shared account?

- Why must I seek parental consent before posting online?

What algorithm can I create to test prime numbers and to find factors?

Use Scratch and Snap to master algorithms for searching, sorting and mathematics.

-How do I carry random and linear searches?

- How do I carry out a binary search?

- How do I carry out the selection sort algorithm?

E-safety

- Why must I seek permission before creating an account?

- Why must I keep comments respectful?

- What do I do if I find an inappropriate comment?

What will my adventure game look like?

 Use Python and trinket.io to create a simple, text-based adventure game. 

- How do I use Python to print descriptions?

- How do I use Python for selection and variables?

- How do I use trinket.io and Python to create separate procedures?

E-safety

-Why must Python be used responsibly?

- Why must I not share personal information publicly via Trinket?

Can I showcase my time at primary school in our yearbook?

Use Book Creator to create a yearbook. 

- How do I commission and source content?

- How do I start adding text and photos?

- How do I use Microsoft Publisher to begin assembling pages?

E-safety

- What are the implications of including photographs of pupils in their work?

- Why must I seek permission before using someone else’s work?

-To learn the policy regarding school computer use

-To learn to manage files in File Explorer.

-To learn some useful tips for using software packages

-To understand the importance of backup

-Learn about the possible dangers of social networking sites.

-Learn how to respond to threats on the Internet

-Learn how to keep your identity secure on the Internet

-Learn how to create a secure, memorable password

-Learn how to identify a phishing scam

- Learn how to avoid being a victim of an email scam

-To learn how to

-send, respond to and forward emails

-search your old emails for a sender, subject, etc.

-resize large image files before -sending

manage your contacts list

-Be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of email

Define the term “search engine” and name examples

Learn techniques to use a search engine efficiently

Appreciate that there is no guarantee that the information on the Internet is accurate

• How can I relate computational abstractions and simple programming code to on-screen actions that will take place in my game?
• How can I use variables in programming structures to assemble code in procedural blocks, make them flow and set timers?
• How can I carry out simple tests to debug my scratch game?

• Write, save and run simple Python programs in Interactive or Script mode
• Understand what a syntax error is and how to interpret an error message

• Know the rules for variable names and use variables in a program

• Understand correct data types

• Use the int, float and round functions

• Write a program involving input, calculation and output
• Use selection statements if, else and elif in a program
• Learn how to use different comparison operators

- Identify common types of computer crime

-Look at examples of computer crime on the Internet

-Learn about different types of email scam

-Recognise the signs of fraudulent emails

-Learn about the Computer Misuse Act – which makes certain activities illegal.

- Look at examples of computer misuse.

- Understand what is meant by hacking.

- Understand what is meant by malware.

- Learn ways to protect yourself from malware and hacking.

-Be aware of who might hold personal data about you

- Discuss the need for various organisations to hold data about you

- Be aware of the possibility of identity theft

Know how to minimize the chance of identity theft

-Understand Copyright law and look at examples of copyright infringement

- Understand the damage that illegal copying does to individuals, companies, and society

- Compare copyright

infringement with plagiarism

-Learn about some of the common health and safety problems associated with computer use.

- Learn ways of avoiding these problems.

- Learn about Health and Safety law.

Introduction to HTML, CSS and JavaScript

• Write HTML code to create a simple web page and display it in a browser.
• Write CSS to define the styles used in a web page.
• Create a simple navigation system using HTML.

Revision of all topics

End of year exam

- Distinguish between hardware and software

- Identify Input, Output and Storage devices

- Name at least five pieces of software

- Suggest appropriate input and output devices for a given scenario

- Know the components of a computer: input, processor, output and storage as a block diagram

- Name the three stages in the Fetch Execute Cycle

- Explain what main memory is used for

- Distinguish between main memory and permanent storage devices

- Define Hz, MHz and GHz and state how these relate to the speed of the processor

- Understand the difference between RAM and ROM and ---what ROM is used for

-Why all data is represented in binary in a computer

- What is the difference between basic numbering and computer numbering system

- How to convert integers to binary numbers

- How to convert binary numbers to integers

- How to convert integers to binary numbers

- How to convert binary numbers to integers

- What are the rules of binary addition

- How to perform binary addition

- State the typical capacities, strengths and weaknesses of different storage devices

- Describe how data is stored on a CD

- Describe how 0s and 1s are represented by pits and lands on a CD

- Name three types of optical storage device

- Review the history and development of communication.

- Understand how modern communication and computing devices combine multiple technologies

- Discuss the different ways and applications in which modern technology is used

- Discuss future uses of technology and the pace of change (Moore’s Law)

• Describe the difference between a Local Area Network and a Wide Area Network
• Describe what topologies are and how they help with network designing.

-To get an overview of what a database is.

- To understand why a database is useful in many different applications.

- To learn what is meant by a database, record & field.

- Create a database table and structure

- Use suitable data types including numbers and text

- Explain the purpose of a Primary key

- Add validations and validation text to at least one field

- Note examples of queries on websites

- Use complex criteria to select records

- Create a parameterised query

- Sort the data on one or more fields

- Choose which fields to display in the Results table

Add a calculated field

• Discuss examples of forms on websites
• Create a new form from a table or query
• Make the form user-friendly by adding help text, combo boxes, etc
• Sort and navigate tables using a form
• Find, enter, modify and delete records using a form
• Create a report based on a query
• Edit the layout of the report
• Create a consistent design

• Use indentation correctly to define a block of code
• What is pseudo-code
• What is the difference between syntax errors, run-time errors and logic errors
• Learn techniques for debugging programs
• Use a while loop in a program
• Use an if statement within a while loop
• Use a function to generate a random number
• Compare alternative algorithms for a given problem
• Use a linear search to find a number
• Understand how a binary search works

Use Python to create a simple, text-based adventure game/ project. 

- How do I use Python to output descriptions?

- How do I use Python for selection and variables?

- How do I use Python to create separate procedures?

- How can i use python to keep a score count using iteration such as while loops/ for loops

- How can I use Python to add sound to the screen?

Revision of all topics

End of year exam

• Understand how to create basic Formulas for calculations
• Revise spreadsheet basics: entering text, numbers and formulae
• Use relative and absolute referencing
• Format cells, insert a graphic
• Understand what is meant by the term computer model, and compare different types of model
• Understand that spreadsheets can be used to build financial models
• Revise spreadsheet basics: entering text, numbers and formulae
• Use relative and absolute referencing
• Format cells, insert a graphic
• Use of goal seek
• Create a financial model to predict the profit on the sale of merchandise
• Make the model as realistic as possible based on known sales figures and prices
• Consider ways of increasing profit to meet a given target
• Use IF statements & Goal seek within the spreadsheet model
• Use a spreadsheet to model outcomes
• Use functions including Max, Min and If
• Try out different ‘What if’ scenarios to achieve a goal
• Display formulae in a spreadsheet
• Create a seat booking system for a live show
• Use validation techniques to ensure that only valid data can be entered
• Use conditional formatting to show which seats have been booked
• Use a Countif function in calculations of seat sales

• Read and understand an existing Python program
• Recall different data types
• Use the int(), float() and str() functions to convert data types
• Write an if-else statement
• Use selection statements if, else and elif in a program
• Learn how to use different comparison operators
• Use indentation correctly to define a block of code
• Use a while loop to repeat a section of code
• Use a for loop to repeat a section of code
• Make a choice about which loop to use, and why
• Be able to store and update values in a list
• Be able to append data to a list
• Be able to use a for() loop to step through a list
• Understand why using a list can be more efficient than using single variables
• Understand what a procedure is
• Be able to define and call a procedure
• Understand why procedures are useful
• Be able to use parameters in a procedure
• Understand what a function is
• Be able to define a function
• Be able to call a function and capture the return value

• Learn what the Internet and world wide web are
• Learn how web addresses are constructed
• Learn what a protocol is and why one is needed for data communication
• Understand how packet switching works
• Learn what the Domain Name Server (DNS) does
• Learn the meaning and significance of bandwidth
• Compare different types of cable, and the relative speeds of data transmission
• Calculate time taken to download files of different sizes at different bandwidths
• Understand what is meant by buffering and why it is used
• Understand the difference between LANs and WANs
• Be able to give example of each type of network
• Know what extra hardware is needed for a LAN to operate
• Identify three different network topologies – bus, ring and star
• Understand what constitutes a client-server network
• Contrast a client-server network with a peer-to-peer network
• Be able to list advantages and disadvantages of each model
• Understand what is meant by cloud computing
• List the main advantages of cloud computing
• To identify some of the types of data that need to be kept secure
• To learn some of the ways in which data is kept secure
• To learn how unauthorised people can break ciphers and read encrypted data
• To learn some classical encryption techniques

• Understand algorithms written using flow diagrams or pseudocode
• Correct or complete algorithms
• Produce algorithms using flow diagrams or pseudocode to solve problems
• Understand and use sequence, selection and iteration in an algorithm
• Write algorithms in pseudocode involving sequence, selection and iteration
• Trace through given algorithms to explain what they do, correct or complete them
• Define the terms variable and constant
• Use and identify variables and constants in program code
• Identify and use the data types of integers, real, Boolean, character and string

• Use one-dimensional arrays
• Correct logic errors in a program
• Learn what is meant by boundary data
• Write a test plan to test an algorithm
• Use a trace table to trace through a program
• Understand the difference between high level code and machine code
• Understand the need for translators to convert high level code to machine code
• Describe the characteristics of an assembler, a compiler and an interpreter
• Explain what is meant by an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
• Describe and give examples of syntax, logic and runtime errors
• Describe common tools and facilities available in an IDE to help debug programs

Revision of all topics

End of year exam

• Understand the purpose of the CPU and the
  fetch-execute cycle
• Understand the following registers in the Von Neumann architecture:
• MAR (Memory Address Register
• MDR (Memory Data Register
• Program Counter
• Accumulator
• Understand common CPU components including:
• ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
• CU (Control Unit)
• Cache
• Registers
• Understand the function of cache in the CPU
• Describe how common characteristics of CPUs affect their performance including:
• Clock speed
• Cache size
• Number of cores
• Explain the purpose and give examples of embedded systems
• Explain the need for primary storage
• Describe the difference between RAM and ROM
• Describe the purpose of RAM and ROM in a computer system
• Explain the need for virtual memory
• Discuss the need for secondary storage including optical, magnetic and solid state storage
• Evaluate suitable storage devices and media for a given application using the following characteristics:
  • Capacity
  • Speed
  • Portability
  • Durability
  • Reliability
  • Cost
• Understand the function of cache in the CPU
• Describe how common characteristics of CPUs affect their performance including:
  • Clock speed
  • Cache size
  • Number of cores
• Explain the purpose and give examples of embedded systems
• Explain the need for primary storage
• Describe the difference between RAM and ROM
• Describe the purpose of RAM and ROM in a computer system
• Explain the need for virtual memory
• Discuss the need for secondary storage including optical, magnetic and solid state storage
• Evaluate suitable storage devices and media for a given application using the following characteristics:
  • Capacity
  • Speed
  • Portability
  • Durability
  • Reliability
  • Cost

• Define a Wide Area Network
• Describe the nature of the Internet as a worldwide collection of computer networks
• Explain the need for IP addressing of resources on the Internet and how this can be facilitated by the role of DNS services
• Understand the need for Network Interface Cards and the uses of MAC addressing
• Explain packet switching
• Describe the difference between a Local Area Network and a Wide Area Network
• Describe star and mesh network topologies
• Describe routers and switches needed to connect stand-alone computers into a Local Area Network
• Explain the use of Ethernet standards to transmit data over a wired network
• Explain the concept of virtual networks
• Understand wireless modes of connection, including:
• Wi-Fi
• Bluetooth
• Explain the need for Wireless Access Points to create wireless hotspots
• Understand how encryption is used to secure data across network connections
• Explain the role of computers in client-server and peer-to-peer networks
• Explain the advantages and disadvantages of client-server and peer-to-peer networks
• Describe what is meant by:
• Hosting
• The Cloud
• Explain the advantages and disadvantages of various transmission media

Describe the factors that affect network performance

• Describe the uses of communications protocols including:
• HTTP
• HTTPS
• FTP
• POP
• IMAP
• SMTP
• TCP/IP
• Explain the concept of layers in the TCP/IP
  protocol stack
• Define the terms bit, nibble, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte and petabyte
• Understand that data needs to be converted into a binary format to be processed by a computer
• Convert positive denary whole numbers (0-255) into
• 8-bit binary numbers and vice versa
• Define the terms bit, nibble, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte and petabyte
• Understand that data needs to be converted into a binary format to be processed by a computer
• Convert positive denary whole numbers (0-255) into
• 8-bit binary numbers and vice versa
• Understand the use of binary codes to represent characters
• Understand the term ‘character set’
• Explain the relationship between the number of bits per character in a character set, and the number of characters that can be represented using:
• ASCII
• Extended ASCII
• Unicode
• Understand how a bitmap graphic is made up of individual pixels
• Explain how each pixel is represented in binary
• Understand that the number of bits per pixel determines the number of available colours for an image
• Explain the need for image metadata
• Explain the relationship between file size and image resolution
• Understand how sound is sampled and stored in
  digital form
• Be able to represent a short sound file in binary
• Explain how sampling intervals and resolution affect the size of a sound file using the terms:
• Sample rate
• Bit depth
• Explain the trade-off between file size and the quality of playback
• Explain the need for compression
• Describe the difference between lossy and lossless compression

• Define the terms bit, nibble, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte and petabyte
• Understand that data needs to be converted into a binary format to be processed by a computer
• Convert positive denary whole numbers (0-255) into
  8-bit binary numbers and vice versa
• Convert positive denary whole numbers (0-255) into
  2-digit hexadecimal numbers and vice versa
• Convert between binary, denary and hexadecimal equivalents of the same number
• Add two 8-bit binary integers and explain overflow errors which may occur
• Understand the use of binary shifts
• Understand the use of binary codes to represent characters
• Understand the term ‘character set’
• Explain the relationship between the number of bits per character in a character set, and the number of characters that can be represented using:
• ASCII
• Extended ASCII
• Unicode
• Understand how a bitmap graphic is made up of individual pixels
• Explain how each pixel is represented in binary
• Understand that the number of bits per pixel determines the number of available colours for an image
• Explain the need for image metadata
• Explain the relationship between file size and image resolution
• Understand how sound is sampled and stored in
  digital form
• Be able to represent a short sound file in binary
• Explain how sampling intervals and resolution affect the size of a sound file using the terms:
• Sample rate
• Bit depth
• Explain the trade-off between file size and the quality of playback
• Explain the need for compression
• Describe the difference between lossy and lossless compression

-Understand the principles of
computational thinking including

-Abstraction

-Decomposition

-Algorithmic thinking

-Be able to produce structure diagrams to show:

-The structure of a problem

Subsections and their links to other subsections

-Understand and use different types of search

• • Binary search
  • Linear search

Understand the standard sort algorithms:

• • Bubble sort
  • Insertion sort
  • Merge sort
• Understand flowchart symbols
• Create, interpret, correct, complete and refine algorithms using flowcharts
• Understand arithmetic operators and variables
• Be able to apply each algorithm to a data set
• Be able to Identify an algorithm if given the
  code for it
• Define the data types integer, real, Boolean, character, string
• Be able to use Boolean operators
• Write algorithms in pseudocode involving sequence, selection and iteration
• Understand the purpose of a given algorithm and how an algorithm works
• Understand how to determine the correct output of an algorithm for a given set of data
• Understand how to identify and correct errors in algorithms
• Create and use of trace tables to follow an algorithm

• Construct truth tables for the following logic gates:
  • NOT
  • AND
  • OR
• Construct truth tables for simple logic circuits
• Interpret the results of truth tables
• Create, modify and interpret simple logic
  circuit diagrams
• Describe defensive design considerations:
• Input validation
• Anticipating misuse
• Authentication
• Understand how to make maintainable programs including:
• The use of sub programs
• Naming conventions
• Indentation
• Commenting
• Understand the purpose of testing including:
• Iterative testing
• Final/terminal testing
• Identify syntax and logic errors
• Select and use suitable test data including:
• Normal
• Boundary
• Invalid
• Erroneous
• Describe the characteristics and purpose of different levels of programming language, including:
• Low-level languages
• High-level languages
• Understand the purpose of translators
• Describe the characteristics of a compiler
  and interpreter
• Understand the use of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to develop programs, including the following:
• Editors
• Error diagnostics
• Run-time environment

• Understand and use data types: integer, real, Boolean, character and string
• Declare and use constants and variables
• Use input, output and assignment statements
• Use arithmetic operators including MOD and DIV
• Use string handling and conversion functions
• Use selection and nested selection statements
• Use NOT, AND and OR when creating Boolean expressions
• Use random number generation
• Understand and use iteration in an algorithm
• Write algorithms in pseudocode involving sequence, selection and iteration
• Use one- and two-dimensional arrays in the design of solutions to simple problems
• Understand the concept of subroutines
• Learn how to write simple procedures and functions
• Understand and use parameters to pass data to procedures and functions
• Know that subroutines may use local variables which are accessible only within the subroutine
• Use local variables and explain why it is good practice to do so
• Explain the advantages of using subroutines in programs
• Understand and use basic file handling operations:
• open
• read
• write
• close
• Read from and write to a text file
• Use SQL (Structured Query Language) statements to search for data:        
• Formulate criteria involving AND, OR and LIKE
• Use SELECT, FROM, WHERE, ORDER BY statements
• Use the wildcard *

• Understand forms of attack and threats posed
  to a network:
• Malware
• Phishing
• Social engineering
• Brute force attacks
• Denial of service attacks
• Data interception and theft
• SQL injection
• Identify and understand the prevention of vulnerabilities including the use of:
• penetration testing
• anti-malware software
• firewalls
• user access levels
• passwords
• encryption
• physical security
• Explain the need for the following functions of an operating system:
• User interface
• Memory management and multitasking
• Peripheral management and drivers
• User management
• File management
• Describe the purpose and functionality of common
  utility software including:
• Encryption software
• Defragmentation software
• Data compression software

• Discuss the impacts of digital technology on the wider society including:

Ethical issues

Cultural issues

• Discuss the impacts of digital technology on the environment including:

The impact of manufacture and disposal

The impact of upgrading or replacing

The impact of e-waste

• Discuss the impacts of digital technology on wider society including:

Legal issues

Privacy issues

• Describe legislation relevant to Computer Science:

The Data Protection Act 2018

Computer Misuse Act 1990

Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988

Software licences including open source and proprietary

Key questions/objectives

This will be focusing on the year groups gaps based on Autumn mock assessments

Topics will typically include:

• Computer networks
• Legal, ethical, environmental and moral issues
• Data representation sounds and images

• Exam style questions and responses specific to the gaps 

Key questions/objectives

This will be focussing on the year groups gaps based on Autumn mock assessments

Topics will typically include:

• Reading and writing algorithms
• Logic gates

• Categorise numbers as natural, integer, rational, irrational, real or ordinal
• Understand how a number’s base affects its value
• Convert between decimal, binary and hexadecimal number systems
• Understand how data is stored and processed in a computer system
• Define bits and bytes, and use names, symbols and corresponding powers of 2 for binary prefixes (Ki, Mi)
• Differentiate between the character code of a decimal digit and its pure binary representation
• Describe ASCII and Unicode coding systems and explain why Unicode was introduced
• Describe methods used for error-checking and correction
• Be able to add and multiply together two unsigned binary numbers
• Convert between signed binary and decimal
• Represent positive and negative numbers in two’s complement and specify the range of n bits
• Perform subtraction using two’s complement
• Understand how numbers with a fractional part can be represented in binary
• Use fixed point binary form to represent a real number in a given number of bits
• Understand how bitmapped images are represented in terms of size in pixels, resolution and colour depth
• Be able to calculate the storage requirements for a bitmap image
• Be aware that images contain metadata and be able to describe typical metadata
• Explain how vector graphics represents images using lists of objects (A Level only)
• Compare the vector graphics approach with the bitmap graphics approach
• Describe the digital representation of sound in terms of sampling rate and resolution
• Describe the principles of operation of an analogue to digital converter and a digital to analogue converter
• Understand and apply the Nyquist theorem
• Calculate sound sample sizes in bytes
• Describe the purpose and advantages of MIDI and the use of event messages
• Understand how and why image, sound and text data are compressed
• Contrast lossy and lossless methods of compression in terms of size and accuracy of data
• Use and compare the Caesar and Vernam encryption techniques for encrypting messages

• Define what is meant by an algorithm and pseudocode
• Learn how and when different data types are used
• Learn the basic arithmetic operations available in a typical programming language
• Become familiar with basic string handling operations
• Distinguish between variables and constants
• Write pseudocode solutions to simple problems
• be able to use relational operators
• be able to use Boolean operations AND, OR
• be able to use nested selection statements
• Understand and use three different types of iterative statement WHILE, REPEAT and FOR
• Be familiar with, and be able to use, random number generation
• Be familiar with the concept of a data structure
• Use 1- and 2-dimensional arrays in the design of solutions to simple problems
• Be familiar with subroutines, their uses and advantages
• Use subroutines that return values to the calling routine
• Use arguments/parameters to pass data within programs
• Contrast the use of local and global variables
• Define the terms field, record, file
• Read from and write to a text file
• Read from and write to a binary file
• Understand when and how to use exception handling in a program

• Identify the internal components of a computer system
• Understand the role of the processor, main memory, buses and I/O controllers
• Describe how these components are connected and how communication is controlled between them
• Determine the most appropriate computer architecture for a given application
• Understand the concept of addressable memory
• Describe the stored program concept
• Identify the role and operation of a processor and its major components
• Explain the stages of the Fetch-Execute cycle and determine the roles of the various processor registers in facilitating this
• Examine factors that affect the performance of a processor
• Describe the role of interrupts and interrupt service routines and their effect on the Fetch Execute cycle
• Describe the role of an instruction set within processors
• Explore the format of processor instructions and the role various components perform
• Compare direct and immediate addressing within processor instructions
• Use basic machine code operations expressed in mnemonic-form assembly language
• Understand and apply immediate and direct addressing modes
• Learn the main characteristics and principles of:
• Barcode readers
• Digital cameras
• Laser printers
• RFID
• Understand the purpose and suitability of these devices
• Explain the need for secondary storage within a computer system
• Know the main characteristics and principles of operations of:
• Hard disk drives (HDD)
• Optical disks
• Solid-State Disks (SSD)
• Understand the purposes and suitability of these devices
• Compression, Encryption and Hashing:
• Lossy vs Lossless compression.
• Run length encoding and dictionary coding for
• lossless compression.
• Symmetric and asymmetric encryption.
• Different uses of hashing.

• list the stages in the waterfall lifecycle model
• name two other systems development models
• name and describe different types of testing
• write a pseudocode algorithm to solve a simple problem
• use a trace table to trace through an algorithm
• interpret simple algorithms to describe their purpose
• list two features of a good algorithm
• Define the term “programming paradigm” and give an example of two paradigms
• define the terms object, class, method, attribute, inheritance
• draw a simple inheritance diagram for a set of classes in an object-oriented approach
• follow through a simple program using the LMC instruction set

• Define serial and parallel transmission methods
• Discuss the advantages of serial over parallel transmission
• Define and compare synchronous and asynchronous data transmission
• Define baud rate, bit rate, bandwidth, latency, protocol
• Differentiate between baud rate and bit rate
• Understand the relationship between bit rate and bandwidth
• Describe star and bus topologies for a local area network
• Differentiate between physical and logical network topologies
• Explain the operation of physical star and logical bus network topologies
• Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each topology
• Explain peer-to-peer and client-server networking
• Describe situations where peer-to-peer and client-server networking might be used
• Describe the advantages and drawbacks of cloud computing
• Explain the purpose of Wi-Fi
• Describe the components required for wireless networking
• Explain how wireless networks are secured
• Explain the wireless protocols CSMA/CA and RTS/CTS
• Describe the purpose of SSID
• Understand how developments in digital technologies enable organisations to monitor behaviour, amass and analyse personal information
• Understand the potential for individual computer scientists and software engineers to produce great good, but also great harm
• Be able to discuss the challenges facing legislators in the digital age
• Understand the current capacity to distribute, publish, communicate and disseminate personal information
• Understand that software and their algorithms embed moral and cultural values
• Understand that computer scientists and software engineers have power, as well as the responsibility that goes with it, in the algorithms that they devise and the code that they deploy
• Be able to discuss the challenges facing legislators in the digital age

• Understand what is meant by “computational thinking”
• Explore different strategies for problem-solving
• Be able to develop solutions to simple logic problems
• Be able to check solutions to simple logic problems
• Understand the structured approach to program design and construction
• Be able to construct and use hierarchy charts when designing programs
• Be able to explain the advantages of the structured approach
• To understand the term ‘algorithm’
• To learn how to write and interpret algorithms using pseudocode
• Understand the purpose of testing
• Devise a test plan
• Select test data covering normal (typical), boundary and invalid or erroneous data
• Be able to hand-trace algorithms
• Describe the skills involved in computational thinking
• Understand the concept of abstraction
• Give examples of different types of abstraction
• Describe the process of abstraction for solving problems
• Understand what is meant by a finite state machine
• List some of the uses of a finite state machine
• Draw and interpret simple state transition diagrams for finite state machines with no output
• Draw a state transition table for a finite state machine with no output

• Understand the concept of an abstract data type
• Be familiar with the concept and uses of a queue
• Describe the creation and maintenance of data within a queue (linear, circular, priority)
• Describe and apply the following to a linear, circular and priority queue

add an item

remove an item

test for an empty queue

test for a full queue

• Explain how a list may be implemented as a static or dynamic data structure
• Show how items may be added to or deleted from a list
• Be familiar with the concept and uses of a stack
• Be able to describe the creation and maintenance of data within a stack
• Be able to describe and apply the following operations: push, pop, peek (or top), test for empty stack, test for full stack
• Be able to explain how a stack frame is used with subroutine calls to store return addresses, parameters and local variables
• Be familiar with a hash table and its uses
• Be able to apply simple hashing algorithms
• Know what is meant by a collision and how collisions are handled using rehashing
• Be familiar with the concept of a dictionary
• Be familiar with simple applications of a dictionary
• Be aware of a graph as a data structure used to represent complex relationships
• Be familiar with typical uses for graphs
• Be able to explain the terms: graph, weighted graph, vertex/node, edge/arc, undirected graph, directed graph
• Know how an adjacency matrix and an adjacency list may be used to represent a graph
• Be able to compare the use of adjacency matrices and adjacency lists
• Know that a tree is a connected, undirected graph with no cycles
• Know that a binary tree is a rooted tree in which each node has at most two children
• Be familiar with typical uses for rooted trees
• Be familiar with the concept of a vector and notations for specifying a vector as a list of numbers, as a function or as a geometric point in space
• Represent a vector using a list, dictionary or array data structure
• Perform operations on vectors: addition, scalar vector multiplication, convex combination, dot or scalar product
• Use the dot product to find the angle between
  two vectors

• Produce a data model from given data requirements for a simple scenario involving multiple entities
• Produce entity descriptions representing a data model in the form
  Entity1 (Attribute1, Attribute2…)
• Produce entity relationship diagrams representing a data model
• Be able to define the terms relation, attribute, primary key, composite primary key, foreign key
• Explain the concept of a relational database
• Normalise relations to third normal form
• Understand why databases are normalised
• Use SQL to retrieve data from multiple tables of a relational database
• Be able to use SQL to define a database table
• Be able to use SQL to update, insert and delete data from multiple tables of a relational database
• Know that a client server database system provides simultaneous access to the database for multiple clients
• Know how concurrent access can be controlled to preserve the integrity of the database
• Describe aspects of software development
• Explain the prototyping/agile approach that may be used in the analysis, design and implementation of a system
• Understand what is meant by data modelling
• Know the criteria for evaluating a computer system

• Class
• Object
• Instantiation
• Encapsulation
• Understand inheritance, polymorphism and overriding
• Understand concepts of aggregation
• Composition
• Association
• Be aware of object-oriented design principles:
• encapsulate what varies
• favour composition over inheritance
• program to interfaces, not implementation
• Be able to draw and interpret class diagrams
• Understand what is meant by a
  programming paradigm
• Define function type, domain and co-domain
• Understand what is meant by a first-class object and how such an object may be used
• Be able to evaluate simple functions
• Use functional composition to combine two functions
• Understand what is meant by partial
  function application
• Know that a function takes only one argument which may itself be a function
• Define and use higher-order functions, including map, filter and fold
• Understand that a list is a concatenation of a head and a tail, where the head is an element of a list and the tail is a list
• Define an empty list
• Describe and apply list operations:
• return head/tail of list
• test for empty list
• return length of list
• construct an empty list
• prepend / append an item to a list
• Understand that Big Data is a term used to describe data whose volume is too large to fit on a single server and is generally unstructured
• Describe examples of Big Data
• Describe features of functional programming which make it suitable for analysing Big Data
• Be familiar with the fact-based model for
  representing data

• Understand the structure of the Internet
• Describe the term ‘Uniform Resource Locator’ (URL) in the context of networking
• Explain the terms ‘domain name’ and ‘IP address’
• Describe how domain names are organised
• Understand the purpose and function of the Domain Name Server (DNS) system
• Explain the service provided by Internet registries and why they are needed
• Understand the role of packet switching and routers
• Know the main components of a packet
• Consider where and why routers and gateways
  are used
• Explain how routing is achieved across the Internet
• Understand how a firewall works
• Explain symmetric and asymmetric encryption and key exchange
• Explain how digital signatures and certificates are obtained and used
• Discuss worms, Trojans and viruses and the vulnerabilities that they exploit
• Discuss how improved code quality, monitoring and protection can be used against such threats
•  
• Describe the roles of the four layers in the TCP/IP protocol stack
• Describe the role of sockets in the TCP/IP stack
• Be familiar with MAC addresses
• Explain and differentiate between the common protocols and the well‐known ports they use
• Be familiar with transferring files using FTP as an anonymous and non‐anonymous user
• Know how Secure Shell (SSH) is used for remote management including the use of application level protocols for sending and retrieving email
• Explain the role of an email server in sending and retrieving email
• Explain the role of a web server in serving up web pages in text form
• Understand the role of a web browser in retrieving web pages and web page resources and rendering these accordingly
• Know that an IP address is split into a network identifier and a host identifier part
• Know how a subnet mask is used to identify the network identifier part of the IP address
• Know that there are currently two standards of IP address, (v4 and v6) and why v6 was introduced
• Distinguish between routable and non‐routable IP addresses
• Understand the purpose and function of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) system
• Explain the basic concepts of Network Address Translation (NAT) and port forwarding and why they are used
• Be familiar with the client server model
• Be familiar with the WebSocket protocol and know why and where it is used
• Understand the principles of web CRUD applications and REpresentational State Transfer (REST)
• Compare JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) with XML
• Compare and contrast thin‐client computing with thick‐client computing